I’m glad you have met with some success in fixing your upgrade. Upgrade errors are always heartbreaking.
These errors are not uncommon, sadly. If you search the forum for previous samples like THIS you will get an idea of the fix.
You will need to update the databases manually. It is not difficult but you will need to use the MySQL command line interface or some other tool like MySQL Workbench or DBeaver.
You should check your databases and verify that all the fields are present and correctly defined so that moving forward there are no “holes” that might create problems in your server down the road.
Good luck and write back if you have further questions. Please document your solution here so others can benefit later.